{"id":7814,"date":"2022-12-16T17:59:51","date_gmt":"2022-12-16T10:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vietnam.atalink.com\/blog\/?p=7814"},"modified":"2023-04-21T16:18:26","modified_gmt":"2023-04-21T09:18:26","slug":"thong-tin-tong-quan-ve-mrp-mrpii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vietnam.atalink.com\/blog\/thong-tin-tong-quan-ve-mrp-mrpii\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 MRP \/ MRP II v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u2026 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng MRP \/ MRP II\u00a0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 MRP \/ MRP II<\/span><\/h2>\n

MRP \/ MRP II<\/b> (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Manufacturing Resource Planning)<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ERP). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

MRP <\/span>(L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) <\/span><\/i>v\u00e0 MRPII\u00a0 <\/span>(L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)<\/span><\/i> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin kinh doanh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP \/ MRP II \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00fap l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 MRP \/ MRP II:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1.1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a MRP<\/b><\/h3>\n

MRP (l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. MRP qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho, l\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 giao h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Wikipedia<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u00a0\u201cMRP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh MRP b\u1eb1ng tay.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\"MRP
MRP qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n cung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u0103n th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. N\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed, \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a MRP II<\/b><\/h3>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (MRP II) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (MRP II) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (MRP) ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Wikipedia<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u201cL\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (MRP II) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “c\u00e1i g\u00ec – n\u1ebfu” v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng MRP v\u00f2ng k\u00edn. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\"Ngu\u1ed3n
Gi\u00fap l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a01.3. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t MRP v\u00e0 MRP II<\/b><\/h3>\n

MRP II \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m MRP. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP II cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MRP. Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (BOM) v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, MRP II c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a MRP v\u00e0 MRP II:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/b><\/td>\nMRP\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\nMRP II<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (BOM)<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (MPS)<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nX<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2. L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a MRP \/ MRP II khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cho d\u00f9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch MRP \/ MRP II n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai MRP \/ MRP II, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi MRP<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b><\/h4>\n